Windows Keyboard Shortcuts

Windows system key combinations

• F1: Help
• CTRL+ESC: Open Start menu
• ALT+TAB: Switch between open programs
• ALT+F4: Quit program
• SHIFT+DELETE: Delete item permanently
• Windows Logo+L: Lock the computer (without using CTRL+ALT+DELETE)

Windows program key combinations

• CTRL+C: Copy
• CTRL+X: Cut
• CTRL+V: Paste
• CTRL+Z: Undo
• CTRL+B: Bold
• CTRL+U: Underline
• CTRL+I: Italic

Mouse click/keyboard modifier combinations for shell objects

• SHIFT+right click: Displays a shortcut menu containing alternative commands
• SHIFT+double click: Runs the alternate default command (the second item on the menu)
• ALT+double click: Displays properties
• SHIFT+DELETE: Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the Recycle Bin

General keyboard-only commands

• F1: Starts Windows Help
• F10: Activates menu bar options
• SHIFT+F10 Opens a shortcut menu for the selected item (this is the same as right-clicking an object
• CTRL+ESC: Opens the Start menu (use the ARROW keys to select an item)
• CTRL+ESC or ESC: Selects the Start button (press TAB to select the taskbar, or press SHIFT+F10 for a context menu)
• CTRL+SHIFT+ESC: Opens Windows Task Manager
• ALT+DOWN ARROW: Opens a drop-down list box
• ALT+TAB: Switch to another running program (hold down the ALT key and then press the TAB key to view the task-switching window)
• SHIFT: Press and hold down the SHIFT key while you insert a CD-ROM to bypass the automatic-run feature
• ALT+SPACE: Displays the main window's System menu (from the System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the window)
• ALT+- (ALT+hyphen): Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu (from the MDI child window's System menu, you can restore, move, resize, minimize, maximize, or close the child window)
• CTRL+TAB: Switch to the next child window of a Multiple Document Interface (MDI) program
• ALT+underlined letter in menu: Opens the menu
• ALT+F4: Closes the current window
• CTRL+F4: Closes the current Multiple Document Interface (MDI) window
• ALT+F6: Switch between multiple windows in the same program (for example, when the Notepad Find dialog box is displayed, ALT+F6 switches between the Find dialog box and the main Notepad window)

Shell objects and general folder/Windows Explorer shortcuts

For a selected object:

• F2: Rename object
• F3: Find all files
• CTRL+X: Cut
• CTRL+C: Copy
• CTRL+V: Paste
• SHIFT+DELETE: Delete selection immediately, without moving the item to the Recycle Bin
• ALT+ENTER: Open the properties for the selected object

To copy a file

Press and hold down the CTRL key while you drag the file to another folder.

To create a shortcut

Press and hold down CTRL+SHIFT while you drag a file to the desktop or a folder.

General folder/shortcut control

• F4: Selects the Go To A Different Folder box and moves down the entries in the box (if the toolbar is active in Windows Explorer)
• F5: Refreshes the current window.
• F6: Moves among panes in Windows Explorer
• CTRL+G: Opens the Go To Folder tool (in Windows 95 Windows Explorer only)
• CTRL+Z: Undo the last command
• CTRL+A: Select all the items in the current window
• BACKSPACE: Switch to the parent folder
• SHIFT+click+Close button: For folders, close the current folder plus all parent folders

Windows Explorer tree control

• Numeric Keypad *: Expands everything under the current selection
• Numeric Keypad +: Expands the current selection
• Numeric Keypad -: Collapses the current selection.
• RIGHT ARROW: Expands the current selection if it is not expanded, otherwise goes to the first child
• LEFT ARROW: Collapses the current selection if it is expanded, otherwise goes to the parent

Properties control

• CTRL+TAB/CTRL+SHIFT+TAB: Move through the property tabs

Accessibility shortcuts

• Press SHIFT five times: Toggles StickyKeys on and off
• Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Toggles FilterKeys on and off
• Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for five seconds: Toggles ToggleKeys on and off
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK: Toggles MouseKeys on and off
• Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN: Toggles high contrast on and off

Microsoft Natural Keyboard keys

• Windows Logo: Start menu
• Windows Logo+R: Run dialog box
• Windows Logo+M: Minimize all
• SHIFT+Windows Logo+M: Undo minimize all
• Windows Logo+F1: Help
• Windows Logo+E: Windows Explorer
• Windows Logo+F: Find files or folders
• Windows Logo+D: Minimizes all open windows and displays the desktop
• CTRL+Windows Logo+F: Find computer
• CTRL+Windows Logo+TAB: Moves focus from Start, to the Quick Launch toolbar, to the system tray (use RIGHT ARROW or LEFT ARROW to move focus to items on the Quick Launch toolbar and the system tray)
• Windows Logo+TAB: Cycle through taskbar buttons
• Windows Logo+Break: System Properties dialog box
• Application key: Displays a shortcut menu for the selected item

Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType software installed

• Windows Logo+L: Log off Windows
• Windows Logo+P: Starts Print Manager
• Windows Logo+C: Opens Control Panel
• Windows Logo+V: Starts Clipboard
• Windows Logo+K: Opens Keyboard Properties dialog box
• Windows Logo+I: Opens Mouse Properties dialog box
• Windows Logo+A: Starts Accessibility Options (if installed)
• Windows Logo+SPACEBAR: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys
• Windows Logo+S: Toggles CAPS LOCK on and off

Dialog box keyboard commands

• TAB: Move to the next control in the dialog box
• SHIFT+TAB: Move to the previous control in the dialog box
• SPACEBAR: If the current control is a button, this clicks the button. If the current control is a check box, this toggles the check box. If the current control is an option, this selects the option.
• ENTER: Equivalent to clicking the selected button (the button with the outline)
• ESC: Equivalent to clicking the Cancel button
• ALT+underlined letter in dialog box item: Move to the corresponding item

APPLIES TO

• Windows Server 2008 Datacenter
• Windows Server 2008 Enterprise
• Windows Server 2008 Standard
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition (32-bit x86)
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Enterprise x64 Edition
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition (32-bit x86)
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Standard x64 Edition
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition (32-bit x86)
• Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
• Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition
• Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition
• Microsoft Windows 98 Standard Edition
• Microsoft Windows 95
• Windows Vista Business
• Windows Vista Enterprise
• Windows Vista Home Basic
• Windows Vista Home Premium
• Windows Vista Starter
• Windows Vista Ultimate
• Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition
• Microsoft Windows XP Professional
• Microsoft Windows XP Starter Edition
• Microsoft Windows XP Tablet PC Edition

iceSapphire's tribute to "Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System" (NACHOS)

Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System, often abbreviated as NACHOS, is instructional software for teaching and learning operating system. It is not a complete operating system but is a simulation, which runs as a single process on another (preferably POSIX) operating system.

Installation

Here goes the procedure to install NACHOS in a Linux system,

·         Copy nachos compiler (.../nachos/compiler) to /user/local

Next is to compile nachos.  So, forward to,

·         Copy another nachos folder (.../nachos/ nachos) to any folder under the root directory (/).

*        This .../nachos/ nachos has a folder named coff2noff

*        Say we placed it at /

·         Start terminal

·         Go to the directory  /nachos/coff2noff and make it using the command

#         make

*        It will make OS binaries

·         Go to /nachos/code/test and make it using the command

#         make  

*        It will make text binaries

·         Go to /nachos/code/build.linux  and make it using commands,

#         make depend

#         make

*        It will build nachos

·         Now execute nachos by issuing the command

#         ./nachos –u

*        It will show some information about the compiled nachos

*        By now nachos is successfully compiled and run

·         Run a test nachos executable

#         ./nachos -x /nachos/code/test/file.io.o

*        So, a test file is also executed.

Run a modified file under the userprog directory

·         Go to /nachos/code/userprog/ and open a create a new *.cc and a new *.h file say new.cc and new.h as coded below,

new.h

#include class SevenToTwelve{ public:     void check(); };

new.cc

#include “new.h” void SevenToTwelve::check(){ cout<<“this is kuetCSE2k5”; }

·         Now this file is to be called from the main function of nachos.

·         Go to /nachos/code/threads/main.cc and append

                                #include “new.h”

Into include file section

·         Go to line309 and append

else if (strcmp(argv[i],”-13”)==0){

      SevenToTwelve sttObject;

sttObject.check();

      }

 

·         Go to /nachos/code/build.linux/makefile and add the new.cc , new.h and new.o in the specific section, like this,

 

USERPROG_H = ../userprog/addrspace.h\

      ../userprog/syscall.h\

      ../userprog/synchconsole.h\

      ../userprog/noff.h\

      ../userprog/errno.h\

      ../userprog/proctable.h\

      ../userprog/synchbitmap.h\

      ../userprog/table.h\

      ../userprog/new.h

 

USERPROG_C = ../userprog/addrspace.cc\

      ../userprog/exception.cc\

      ../userprog/synchconsole.cc\

      ../userprog/proctable.cc\

      ../userprog/synchbitmap.cc\

      ../userprog/table.cc\

      ../userprog/new.cc

 

USERPROG_O = addrspace.o exception.o synchconsole.o\

      proctable.o synchbitmap.o table.o\

      new.o

 

·         Go to /nachos/ code/ build.linux and recompile nachos using

#         make depend

#         make

·         From the console go to /nachos/ code/ build.linux and run the command

#         ./nachos -13

*        The output is

 

this is kuetCSE2k5

Thus, a user defined code snippet has been executed in nachos.

 

 N.B.: Make clean command may be used to clean the files from folder that were created while compiling.

And i will say more...

As new machines built on IC7 chips do not support fedora core versions prior to fc6, we could not install fedora 5. Again, nachos do not install on fedora core 6 or later. Hence, this document has been produced from comparative and imperative decisions. In addition, it may differ from the actual scenario.

 

 

some tricky SQL query

SQL query sometimes go very interesting. With a little bit trick you can do a lot with it. It is like playing a game with words!
To have some fun first download this sql file from http://kuetcse2k5.googlepages.com/course.SQL
and execute it in your DBMS.

Now try to answer the following:
(Presented from a set of question by
Rushdi Shams,
Lecturer,Dept of CSE,KUET,BD
http://rushdishams.googlepages.com/
)

1. See all the data in instructor table. Use only SUM and COUNT aggregate functions to find out the average salary of the instructors. The answer should be 3791.66667. Validate the answer by using AVG aggregate function.

2. See all the data in site table. Find out the site_id for the location named WASHINGTON. Use LIKE clause. Answer would be 6.

3. From instructor table, find all the instructors and their mentor’s name (hint: requires a self-join or table aliasing). The output will be-

INSTRUCTOR_NAME	MENTOR_NAME
SHELLEY	WAYNE
BOGART	WAYNE
NEWMAN	WAYNE
MONROE	WAYNE
STEEL	CAINE
SPARKS	STEEL
LAUREL	STEEL
LODGE	SPARKS
JOHNSON	SPARKS
TUCKER	SPARKS

4. From instructor table, find all the instructors that have no mentors. The output will be-

INSTRUCTOR_NAME

WAYNE

CAINE

5. From instructor table, find the names who are mentors (hint: you will have to make nested query). The output will be-

INSTRUCTOR_NAME

WAYNE

CAINE

STEEL

SPARKS

6. From instructor table, find the IDs who are not mentors (hint: you may use set operators here). The output will be-

INSTRUCTOR_ID
243
263
453
515
560
628
790

7. in plain English, tell what the following query is doing by running the query and seeing the result. Remember- in plain English!

select a.id, a.value, b.value from data a, data b where a.name_id=9 and a.id=b.id and a.prefix!=b.prefix; commit;

ANSWERS:
-->1
select sum(salary)/count (salary) from instructor;

-->2
select site_id from site where location like '%WASHINGTON%';

-->3
select i.instructor_name ,m.instructor_name "MENTOR_NAME"
from instructor i join instructor m
on i.mentor_id=m.instructor_id;

-->4
select instructor_name from instructor where mentor_id is null;

-->5
select instructor_name from
instructor where instructor_id in
(select mentor_id from instructor where mentor_id is not null)
order by instructor_name;

-->6
select instructor_id from
instructor where instructor_id not in
(select mentor_id from instructor where mentor_id is not null)
order by instructor_id;

-->7
-->first check the query:
select a.mentor_id, a.salary, b.salary from
instructor a, instructor b
where a.instructor_id=243 and a.mentor_id=b.mentor_id and a.instructor_name!=b.instructor_name;

--> it will select those entries with
--> the name_id=9 and has same id for two different entries.

So check these out!

this blog will be removed! soon

Thanks...